Everything about operators in Java

Remember in the midterm midterm, Professor Jory asked a question about operator as a bonus question? In fact, there are so many more different kinds of operators than what we learnt in class. Addition, subtraction, etc. are only a subset of operators, called arithmetic operators. 

Unary operators can be increment or decrement. (++), (-), (--) are all examples of unary operators. 

Binary operators has six major categories as listed in the picture above. We covered most of the arithmetic operator during the class. Assignment operator is (=) and it is used when you set the values of data, e.g. String name = "Cathy." Logical operators are (&&),(||), and (!). Relational operators are (==),(!=),(>),(<),(<=) or (>=), which we also discussed in the classroom. Compound operator performs operation on the two operands before assigning the result to the first operand. Compound operator works on both arithmetic and bitwise operator. There are 11 different kinds of operators and (+=) is the one we often use throughout this semester. The other compound operators include (-+),(*=),(/=),(%=),(&=),(|=),(^=),(<<=),(>>=),(>>>=).

The only operator we have never seen before is bitwise operator. Bitwise operator works on all integer data types including int, long, short, char, and byte. It converts all the integers to bits and perform bit-by-bit operations on integers. An example given on this website (https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_basic_operators.htm) is a = 60 and b = 13. In binary world, a = 0011 1100 and b = 0000 1101. Bitwise operators include (&),( |), (^),(~),(<<),(>>) and (>>>). (&) is binary and, which copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands, otherwise it will copy 0. (a&b)=0000 1100. (~) flips the bits, so (~a) returns 1100 0011. (<<) is binary shift and moves all the bits to the left. (a<<2) returns 1111 0000. (>>>) is zero fill right operator. The left operand is shifted by the number in the right operands and zero fills all the empty bits. (a>>>2) returns 0000 1111.

Ternary operator takes three operands and conditional operator is a ternary operator. The syntax for ternary operator is (?:) expressionA?expressionB:expressionC. Expression A is implicitly converted to a boolean. If it is true, expression B will be evaluated, otherwise expression C will be evaluated. A good example would be compute the minimum value of x and y. 

minimum = (x < y) ? x : y;

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Picture References:
1.https://www.google.com/search?q=java+operator&biw=1280&bih=583&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvzZnSoKvQAhXBylQKHcw5CLEQ_AUICygA#imgrc=G73VcUwBb5rsVM%3A
Writing References:
1. http://www.computernotes.in/java/core-java/operators-in-java/
2. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_basic_operators.htm
3. http://www.c4learn.com/java/java-operators/
4. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/unary_operators_overloading.htm
5. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/e4213hs1.aspx
6. http://alvinalexander.com/java/edu/pj/pj010018

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